Git Essentials - Second Edition

图书信息

作者	Ferdinando Santacroce
出版社	Packt Publishing
ISBN	9781787283176
出版时间	2017-11-08
字数	23.0万
分类	进口书,外文原版书,电脑,网络

读书简介

Dive and explore into the latest addons of the latest Git.About This Book·Master all the basic concepts of Git to protect your code and make it easier to evolve·Use Git proficiently, and learn how to resolve day-by-day challenges easily·This step-by-step guide is packed with examples to help you learn and work with Git's internalsWho This Book Is ForIf you are a software developer with little or no experience of versioning systems, or you are familiar with other centralized versioning systems, then this book is for you.If you have experience in server and system management and need to broaden your use of Git from a DevOps perspective, this book contains everything you need.What You Will Learn·Master Git fundamentals·Be able to "visualize," even with the help of a valid GUI tool·Write principal commands in a shell·Figure out the right strategy to run change your daily work with few or no annoyances·Explore the tools used to migrate to Git from the Subversion versioning system without losing your development history·Plan new projects and repositories with ease, using online services, or local network resourcesIn DetailSince its inception, Git has attracted skilled developers due to its robust, powerful, and reliable features. Its incredibly fast branching ability transformed a piece of code from a niche tool for Linux Kernel developers into a mainstream distributed versioning system. Like most powerful tools, Git can be hard to approach since it has a lot of commands, subcommands, and options that easily confuse newcomers.The 2nd edition of this very successful book will help you overcome this fear and become adept in all the basic tasks in Git. Building upon the success of the first book, we start with a brief step-by-step installation guide; after this, you'll delve into the essentials of Git. For those of you who have bought the first edition, this time we go into internals in far greater depth, talking less about theory and using much more practical examples.The book serves as a primer for topics to follow, such as branching and merging, creating and managing a GitHub personal repository, and fork and pull requests. You'll then learn the art of cherry-picking, taking only the commits you want, followed by Git blame. Finally, we'll see how to interoperate with a Subversion server, covering the concepts and commands needed to convert an SVN repository into a Git repository.To conclude, this is a collection of resources, links, and appendices to satisfy even the most curious.Style and approachThis short guide will help you understand the concepts and fundamentals of GIT is a step-by-step manner.

目录

Title Page

Second Edition

Copyright

Git Essentials

Second Edition

Credits

Foreword

Foreword

About the Author

About the Reviewer

www.PacktPub.com

Why subscribe?

Customer Feedback

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

Getting Started with Git

Foreword to the second edition

Installing Git

Installing Git on GNU-Linux

Installing Git on macOS

Installing Git on Windows

Running our first Git command

Making presentations

Setting up a new repository

Adding a file

Committing the added file

Modifying a committed file

Summary

Git Fundamentals - Working Locally

Digging into Git internals

Git objects

Commits

The hash

The author and the commit creation date

The commit message

The committer and the committing date

Going deeper

Porcelain commands and plumbing commands

Trees

Blobs

Even deeper - the Git storage object model

Git doesn't use deltas

Wrapping up

Git references

It's all about labels

Branches are movable labels

How references work

Creating a new branch

HEAD, or you are here

Reachability and undoing commits

Detached HEAD

The reflogs

Tags are fixed labels

Annotated tags

Staging area, working tree, and HEAD commit

The three areas of Git

Removing changes from the staging area

File status lifecycle

All you need to know about checkout and reset

Git checkout overwrites all the tree areas

Git reset can be hard, soft, or mixed

Rebasing

Reassembling commits

Rebasing branches

Merging branches

Fast forwarding

Cherry picking

Summary

Git Fundamentals - Working Remotely

Working with remotes

Clone a local repository

The origin

Sharing local commits with git push

Getting remote commits with git pull

How Git keeps track of remotes

Working with a public server on GitHub

Setting up a new GitHub account

Cloning the repository

Uploading modifications to remotes

What do I send to the remote when I push?

Pushing a new branch to the remote

The origin

Tracking branches

Going backward – publishing a local repository to GitHub

Adding a remote to a local repository

Pushing a local branch to a remote repository

Social coding - collaborating using GitHub

Forking a repository

Submitting pull requests

Creating a pull request

Summary

Git Fundamentals - Niche Concepts, Configurations, and Commands

Dissecting Git configuration

Configuration architecture

Configuration levels

System level

Global level

Repository level

Listing configurations

Editing configuration files manually

Setting up some other environment configurations

Basic configurations

Typos autocorrection

Push default

Defining the default editor

Other configurations

Git aliases

Shortcuts to common commands

Creating commands

git unstage

git undo

git last

git difflast

Advanced aliases with external commands

Removing an alias

Aliasing the git command itself

Useful techniques

Git stash - putting changes temporally aside

Git commit amend - modify the last commit

Git blame - tracing changes in a file

Tricks

Bare repositories

Converting a regular repository to a bare one

Backup repositories

Archiving the repository

Bundling the repository

Summary

Obtaining the Most - Good Commits and Workflows

The art of committing

Building the right commit

Making only one change per commit

Splitting up features and tasks

Writing commit messages before starting to code

Including the whole change in one commit

Describing the change, not what have you done

Don't be afraid to commit

Isolating meaningless commits

The perfect commit message

Writing a meaningful subject

Adding bulleted details lines when needed

Tying other useful information

Special messages for releases

Conclusions

Adopting a workflow - a wise act

Centralized workflows

How they work

Feature branch workflow

Gitflow

Master branch

Hotfixes branches

The develop branch

The release branch

The feature branches

Conclusion

GitHub flow

Anything in the master branch is deployable

Creating descriptive branches off of master

Pushing to named branches constantly

Opening a pull request at any time

Merging only after pull request review

Deploying immediately after review

Conclusions

Trunk-based development

Other workflows

Linux kernel workflow

Summary

Migrating to Git

Before starting

Installing a Subversion client

Working on a Subversion repository using Git

Creating a local Subversion repository

Checking out the Subversion repository with the svn client

Cloning a Subversion repository from Git

Adding a tag and a branch

Committing a file to Subversion using Git as a client

Retrieving new commits from the Subversion server

Using Git with a Subversion repository

Migrating a Subversion repository

Retrieving the list of Subversion users

Cloning the Subversion repository

Preserving ignored files

Pushing to a local bare Git repository

Arrange branches and tags

Renaming trunk branch to master

Converting Subversion tags to Git tags

Pushing the local repository to a remote

Comparing Git and Subversion commands

Summary

Git Resources

Git GUI clients

Windows

Git GUI

TortoiseGit

GitHub for Windows

Atlassian SourceTree

Cmder

macOS

Linux

Building up a personal Git server with web interface

SCM Manager

Learning Git in a visual manner

Git on the internet

Git for human beings Google Group

Git community on Google+

Git cheat sheets

Git Minutes and Thomas Ferris Nicolaisen blog

Online videos

Ferdinando Santacroce's blog

Summary